![]() The door was closed by a portcullis slab that slid inside a socket measuring 88 × 43 cm, penetrating the east wall above the entrance. p. 25, fig. 5.ģThe Egyptian-style entrance to the tomb is built from sandstone blocks, surmounted by a cavetto cornice, measuring 137 cm in height, 77 cm in width and 104 cm in depth. 23 our gratitude to Colin Hope for this reference and his remark on a simi (.) A study of the decoration of the two funerary chambers and the finds from Tomb 1 will be the subjects of a series of articles, hopefully to be published in sequence. 1 This article is devoted to the study of the tomb architecture, which seems to have more than one phase, in addition to the paintings in the antechamber. In Gael Cartron’s catalogue, Tomb 1 was erroneously attributed to the regional governor Ankh Wasset Neb, perhaps owing to very preliminary and imprecise reports. The decoration of Tomb 1, like other tombs at the site, shows a traditional Egyptian decorative program. This type includes a ground floor with multi-chambered funerary units preceded by an open-air court, in addition to an upper storey consisting of a pyramid with a funerary chapel in front of it. The tombs show specific characteristics of architecture and layout that isolate them as a distinctive type. The team was headed by Maher Bashendi until 2015 and is currently directed by Magdi Ibrahim. Excavations by the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities at the site started in 2002 and the work is ongoing. 1 Cartron 2012, II, p. 73, depended on a report in the BIA 30, 2004, pp. 119-120, quoting an article (.)ġThe necropolis of Bir el-Shaghala, located 3 km northwest of Mut, the modern capital of Dakhleh Oasis, is one of the necropoleis of Mothis, the ancient capital of the Oasis.grâce à son architecture et ses peintures. La tombe peut être datée de la fin du I er siècle apr. J.-C. Les peintures des salles montrent des affinités stylistiques avec le « groupe des cercueils de Kharga » et attestent de motifs communs utilisés dans les tombes et le mobilier funéraire des oasis. On y trouve une scène de divinisation unique pour une tombe égyptienne d’époque romaine, ainsi qu’une frise de ba-s et un fétiche abydénien sans parallèles connus. La décoration de l’antichambre présente de nombreuses anomalies : les ba-s de Rê, Toutou et Horus-Grand-de-Force sont tous anthropomorphes. La disposition de la tombe est calquée sur celle des tombes à structure pyramidale de l’époque tardive, mais les salles voûtées en font un type à part. La partie supérieure a connu deux phases d’utilisation : deux voûtes ont été ajoutées à l’intérieur de la pyramide et deux salles de banquet ont été aménagées au nord de celle-ci. Le niveau supérieur comprend une chapelle et une pyramide, laquelle est la plus grande connue à ce jour pour une tombe privée. Le rez-de-chaussée comprend une cour en plein air et une antichambre ainsi que deux chambres funéraires avec des décorations murales peintes. La tombe n o 1 de Bir el-Shaghala (oasis de Dakhla) est une sépulture de type mausolée appartenant à Ta-Ḏḥwty sȝt Ḥr-tȝ (Tathoutis fille de Herta). The tomb is datable to late 1st century CE on the basis of its architecture and paintings. The paintings in the rooms show stylistic affinities to the "Kharga Coffin Group" and attest to common motifs used in tombs and funerary objects in the oases. An apotheosis scene is unique in a tomb from Roman Egypt, as is the ceiling frieze of ba-birds and an Abydene fetish. The antechamber decoration shows many anomalies: the ba of Re, Tutu, and Horus Great of Strength all have human bodies. The tomb’s layout is modeled on late dynastic pyramidal tombs, but the vaulted rooms isolate it as a distinctive type. The upper part witnessed two phases of use: two vaults were added inside the pyramid and two banqueting rooms to its north. The upper floor has a chapel and a pyramid, which is the largest from a private tomb. The ground floor has an open-air court and an antechamber and two burial chambers with painted wall decoration. Tomb 1 at Bir el-Shaghala (Dakhla Oasis) is a mausoleum-like structure belonging to Ta- Ḏḥ wty sȝt Ḥ r-tȝ (Tathoutis daughter of Herta).
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